PAPER MAKING Part 2
Description
The original catalog description provided by the Ford Motor Company reads as follows: Paper mill interior showing machinery in operation and workers illustrating the following captions. “A piece of the screen containing a water-marker.” “The wet paper moving along with the screen.” “Drying by hot rollers.” “Putting on finish to hold ink.” “Putting the finished paper on rollers -- 500 feet each minute.” “The finer papers are cut into sheets.” “Making envelopes.” “Each machine makes 55,000 envelopes daily.” “Paper is the magic web that carries the wisdom of the book, the dream of the poet and the progress of the race from age to age.” “The End.” Vat with whirling mixer. “The fibers bleached white.” “The soft fibers are placed in a large vat to drain.” “Opening the vat, the fibers are dry and clean.” “Beating fibers for ten hours. Adding body to increase strength.” “It is now 89% water and 2% fibers.” “It becomes paper by matting together the fibers and draining away the water. The man with the screen has been replaced by this mammoth paper machine.” “The liquid paper goes from the strainer to the head box.” “On the endless moving screen the fibers are spread out as the water is drained.” “The soft wet fibers begin the sheet of paper.” “The moving screen shakes the fibers together.” Water running from hose into transparent waste basket partially filled with trash - sign, ‘10 Gallons of Water’ - balance with paper on one side, sign, ‘Make 2 pounds of paper.’ “Newspaper rolls -- each year 13,000,000 miles of 73 inches wide paper are used in carrying our daily news.” “In making paper from rags the process is nearly the same. Dusting the rags.” “Sorting the clean rags.” “Cutting rags into small pieces.” “Filling the digester with rags for boiling.” “A ‘beater’ is a large circular tank.” “Filling the beater with the soft rags.” “The knives of the beater cut the rags into a fine pulp.” “Cutting the logs.” “Removing the bark by rolling the logs in a revolving drum.” “Splitting the log and grinding off the dirt.” “Cutting into small chips.” “The chips are boiled in tanks or digesters. Bisulphite of lime softens the wood.” “Chemicals change the wood into soft white fibers.” “The soft wood pulp is made into blankets or laps.” “The material in two pounds of paper -- 3 pounds of spruce wood -- 1 ounce of sulphur -- 1½ ounces of lime -- 1 ounce of bleaching powder -- blue dye from 2 pounds of coal -- 0 gallons of water.” “The hornet changes wood into a pulp with which it makes a paper nest.” Open hornet’s nest showing egg cells. “The Egyptians made paper of this plant, the papyrus, from which paper is named.” “Papyrus from Egypt.” Man in colonial costume making paper by hand. “The soft wood logs used each year for paper would make a pile 4 feet high by 4 feet long and 8,000 miles in length.” [1920]
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